What does the Clausius-Clapeyron equation help predict?

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is a fundamental relationship in thermodynamics that describes how the pressure of a substance changes with temperature during phase transitions, such as the transition from liquid to vapor or solid to liquid. Specifically, it quantifies the slope of the phase boundary on a pressure-temperature diagram, which is essential for understanding phenomena like boiling or condensation.

As temperature increases, the vapor pressure of a liquid also increases until it reaches a point where the liquid converts to gas. The equation incorporates the latent heat of vaporization or fusion, enabling predictions about how much pressure will change as the temperature fluctuates at the phase boundary. This predictive capability is crucial in fields like meteorology, engineering, and physical chemistry, where knowing the conditions under which a substance changes phase is vital for processes such as distillation, refrigeration, and even natural atmospheric phenomena.

The other options, while related to thermodynamics, do not directly align with the specific applications of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.