Which of the following is an example of a macroscopic property?

A macroscopic property refers to a characteristic that can be observed and measured at a scale that is large enough to be practical and relevant to everyday experiences, such as in bulk materials or systems. The pressure of a gas within a container is a prime example of a macroscopic property because it describes how a large number of gas particles collectively behave in terms of force exerted on the walls of the container. Pressure can be measured with macroscopic instruments, like manometers or pressure gauges, and it reflects the average behavior of countless individual particles.

In contrast, other choices focus on the behaviors or characteristics of individual molecules or distributions at a microscopic level. For instance, molecular speed pertains to the kinetic energy of individual gas particles and shows variation among those particles rather than representing an average property of the gas as a whole. The energy distribution among molecules gives insight into the internal energy states at a molecular level rather than an aggregate property. Similarly, looking at specific heat capacity in a microscopic context focuses on how energy is absorbed or released by molecules, which does not convey a broad understanding of the material's thermal behavior in macroscopic terms.